The analysis of the pollen content of the honey samples indicates that the local flora may be used as a source of goodquality honey. Southern australian vegetation is dominated by eucalyptus myrtaceae forests and, as expected, most australian honeys. Pollen analysis in honey samples from the two main. Altogether, the pollen content of 325 honey samples was analysed with an average of 400. Melissopalynology, or the pollen analysis of honey, is widely used to verify the claimed geographic and floral origin of honey samples 68. Results and discussion the pollen analysis results are shown in tables i and ii and figures 1 and 2. Eight honey samples had lower diversity index values, ranging from 0 arero site 2 and bule hora site 3 to 0. To understand the scale, consider that the head of a pin is about 2 mm 2000 microns in diameter. Pollen analysis of honey, or melissopalynol ogy, is of great importance for quality control. Pollen analysis of honey and pollen collected by apis. Biometrician helen nicol, biometrician with nsw agriculture, orange for preliminary analysis of earlier results and analysis.
The main emphasis was on the floral spectrum of plants and the identification of the most important plant sources for the particular honey. The information may be used to develop analytical standards for pollen, contributing to quahty control of a product offered for export or for the home market. Honeybee pollen and raw honey are the only food on earth containing all 22 nutrients needed by mankind for complete and perfect health. This book is a reprint of the fourth edition, published in 1989, of the textbook of pollen analysis and is unique in its approach as it discusses both the practical and theoretical aspects of palynology. The present study reports the results of pollen analyses of estonian honey collected from 2000 to 2011. Pdf pollen analysis of honey from the baltic region, estonia. The samples were submitted to both a qualitative and a quantitative analysis. Pollen analysis definition of pollen analysis by merriam. Pollen analysis definition is the identification and determination of frequency of pollen grains in peat bogs and other preservative situations as a means of dating fossil and other remains. Its scientific scope is broad since it encompasses knowledge from many disciplines including botany, geology, ecology. Abstract a pollen analytical study of new zealand honey provides a basis for identifying the origins of a honey in terms of locality and floral source.
Pdf click to increase image size click to decrease image size. Investigations of pollen analysis of honey samples in india are fragmentary. Pdf assessment of honey plant resources through pollen. According to their standards, 50% of the pollen must be attributed to a single floral source in order to be labeled as a single source. Melissopalynology is the study of pollen found in honey. Microscopic analysis and other advanced techniques 11, 8, 12, are currently being used for the analysis of the pollen in honey which may eventually determine its geographical origin. There are four natural resources required by honey bees for survival.
Th e palynological properties of 8 honey samples commercially produced in 1 region in croatia varazdin county were determined. Each sample was examined to determine the pollen percentage and pollen spectrum. Effects of processing on the pollen and nutrient content of honey. It lies in deccan plateau with three major physical divisions viz coast, malnad and maidan. The dominant pollen in the state of ceara is from mimosa caesalpiniaefolia. Honey without pollen here is a list of the honey tested by food safety news that showed no traces of pollen. Pdf pollen analysis in honey samples from the two main. Pollen analysis of honeys from varazdin county, croatia.
Pollen analysis of honey from borana zone of southern. Pollen analysis was carried out on ten honey samples from western ghats, chickmagalur. From counts of pollen caught daily, fixed on microscope slides and identified, a graph can be drawn which gives a clear picture of the relative amounts of different species of pollen floating in the air from day to day throughout the growing. Pollen analysis is widely used to verify the geographic origin of honeys, but has never been employed in australia. Pollen analysis of natural honeys from the central region of. Among the nonnectariferous plants, the highest pollen frequency 89.
This spectrum relates to nectarproducing plants, nonnectarproducing plants, contaminations, tainted honey, and mixtures barth 1989. This volume, which will be valuable to both students and researchers alike, is a field and laboratory manual of pollen analysis which provides a wealth of information for the selection of sites, the collection and processing of samples, the identification of pollen covering northern europe and north america, and the analysis and presentation. The analysis will include extraction of pollen from the honey, pollen concentration values, and a complete analysis report of the recovered pollen data and a list and percentages of the primary pollen and nectar sources. Pollen analyses were performed on honey and beebread from hives in apiaries located in two distinct mangrove areas dominated by laguncularia racemosa l. Micronutrient and pollen contents and antioxidant capacity orac of preblended pb raw honey samples to examine the effects of standard commercial processing i.
Apiacta 44 2009 pages 1419 14 pollen analysis of apis. When appropriate we will also include probable geographical region where the honey was probably produced. Analysis showed that the absence of pollen was consistent regardless of the. Adulteration of honey and available methods for detection a. Pollen analysis of honey samples collected from coorg district of karnataka state was undertaken to gather information regarding the bee forage plants and to determine the prevailing beeplant relationship. Honey bee pollen is considered to be a food,and national pollen standards exist in different countries such as brazil,bulgaria,poland and switzerland. Keywords monofloral honey, pollen, pollen analysis, pollen processing techniques, ethyl alcohol. Harmonized methods of melissopalynology international honey. On the basis of honey pollen analysis, in these 8 samples diff erent botanical origin was determined. It uses palynological techniques as tools for solving problems in quaternary geology, ecology and archeology. Centrifuging should be used but not crushing and straining. Pure bee pollen bee pollen for human consumtionchemical analysis of honeybee pollen. Bees obtain pollen from flowers and by different species 9.
Pdf filtration, rather than centrifugation, was investigated as a first step to extract pollen from honey. The foreword and the authors introduction give some idea of the nature and scope of pollen analysis, the modern phase of which subject began in 1916. Here are two methods which a microscopist can use and are based on rex sawyers book honey identification 1988 and my own experiences. Pollen analysis of honey it is always useful to know what pollen is in a particular honey and whether it is correct to give it a specific floral origin. Absolute concentration is expressed as pollen grains per 10 g of honey and is derived from volumetric data. Karnataka map chickmagalur map karnataka state extends from 11 0 51 n to 19 0 n latitudes and from 74 0 e to 78 0 e longitudes. The grains are minute in size, each ranging from 15 to 100 microns. The most common method used to determine the botanical origin of honey is pollen analysis. An improved method for pollen analysis of honey sciencedirect. Honey always includes numerous pollen grains mainly from the plant species foraged by honey bees and honeydew elem ents like wax tubes, algae and fungal spores that altogether provide a good fingerprint of th e environment where the honey comes from. The national honey board requires beekeepers to have the honey analyzed if they want to label their honey as a monofloral honey. A total of 325 samples with a mean of 400 pollen grains each were analysed. Pdf knowledge about the botanical source of honey is very important for the beekeeper while it indicates adequate and abundant supply sources of.
Precision in interpreting pollen data recovered from honey has always been a primary goal of those who study pollen and honey. With these filters, a new method based on filtration and followed by acetolysis in microcentrifuge tubes was developed and compared with standard pollen analysis. Analysis of honey chemistry science fair project experiments, chemistry models, exhibition ideas, expo topics for kids and also organics chemistry science ideas for cbse, icse, middleschool, elementary school for 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and high school students. To conduct a pollen study of raw honey we first must dilute it before the pollen can be removed for analysis. Pollen analysis in honey samples from the two main producing. For our study, we use a 10g sample of raw honey for the analysis. The sample of raw honey is diluted with 10 ml of distilled water and 150 ml of etoh, and then heated to 100o f to ensure a complete mixture. Pollen qualitative analysis can provide important data, especially for honey characterization with reference to its geographic origin, oc. Pdf an improved method for pollen analysis of honey. Nutritional value of bee collected pollens publication no. Figures 1 and 2 allow the visualization of the dominant pollen types occurring in honey samples from the states of ceara and piaui analyzed. The pollen analysis was performed using the acetolysis method.
Pollen analysis plays a critical role in climate change studies during the quaternary f. In the present investigation, 20 honey samples were collected from apis cerana and apis dorsata colonies during january 2010 to april 2011 from bee hives located at 14 locations of coorg. Pollen analysis is but one of a number of tests that must be used to determine the quality and source of honey. Moar botany division, dsir private bag, christchurch, new zealand abstract a pollen analytical study of new zealand honey provides a basis for identifying the origins of a honey in terms of locality and floral source.
Pollen analysis of honey and pollen collected by apis mellifera linnaeus, 1758 hymenoptera, apidae, in a mixed environment of eucalyptus plantation and native cerrado in southeastern brazil c. Publication date 1943 topics natural sciences, botany, general botany. Honey pollen analysis honey source verification honey. In this study, we analysed the pollen content of 173 unblended honey samples sourced from most of the commercial honey producing regions in southern australia. Review article pollen composition and standardisation of. Pollen analysis of honey, or melissopalynology, is of great importance for quality control. Pdf pollen analysis of honey and beebread derived from. For example, when using pollen counts to determine the nectar sources of a honey sample, we recognize that the types and percen. Quantitative pollen analysis of new zealand honey, poster.
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